I. Microbial Interactions with Plants

I-1. Rhizosphere

1. Mycorrhizae: Mutualism between Fungi and Root to Form 'Integrated Structures’

2. Rhizobium: Mutualistic Interaction of N₂-fixing Bacteria with Legume

3. Recent Findings of Bacteria-Root Interactions

I-2. Phyllosphere

1. Anabaena: Beneficial Interaction with Azolla

2. Pseudomonas syringae: Harmful Interaction Causing a Frost Damage 

I-3. Pathogenic Interactions

1. Various Pathogenic Agents against Plants: Virus, Bacterium, and Fungus

2. Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Inter-Kingdomic Transfer of DNA from Bacteria to Plant Host

3. Fungal Infections

4. Host Defense against a Pathogen

II. Microbial Interactions with Animals

II-1. Contribution to Nutrition

1. Predation on Microorganisms: Grazing and Filter-Feeding

2. Cultivation of Microorganism for Foods/Nutrition

3. Symbiosis with Photosynthetic Microorganisms: Corals

4. Symbiosis with Chemosynthetic Microorganisms: Hydrothermal Vent Animals

II-2. Protection via Microbial Interaction

1. Skin microbiomes

2. Gut microbiomes

II-3. Pathogenic Interactions

1. Bacillus thuringiensis

2. Wolbachia

3. Pathogenic Fungi

4. Emergent Microbiome-Derived Phenotypes of Animals

III. Microbial Interactions with Human - “Normal Microbial Flora”

III-1. Skin

III-2. Oral Cavity

III-3. Gastrointestinal Tract

III-4. Respiratory Tract

III-5. Breast

III-6. Urogenital Tract