I. Microbial Interactions with Plants
I-1. Rhizosphere
1. Mycorrhizae: Mutualism between Fungi and Root to Form
'Integrated Structures’
2. Rhizobium: Mutualistic Interaction of N2-fixing
Bacteria with Legume
3. Recent Findings of Bacteria-Root Interactions
I-2. Phyllosphere
1. Anabaena: Beneficial Interaction with Azolla
2. Pseudomonas syringae: Harmful Interaction
Causing a Frost Damage
I-3. Pathogenic Interactions
1. Various Pathogenic Agents against Plants: Virus,
Bacterium, and Fungus
2. Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Inter-Kingdomic
Transfer of DNA from Bacteria to Plant Host
3. Fungal Infections
4. Host Defense against a Pathogen
II. Microbial Interactions with Animals
II-1.
Contribution to Nutrition
1. Predation on Microorganisms: Grazing
and Filter-Feeding
2. Cultivation of Microorganism for Foods/Nutrition
IV. Microbial Interactions with Human - "Infection and
Pathogens"
IV-1. Infection
^ Portal of Pathogen’s Entry
^ Reservoirs and Transmission of Pathogens
^ Epidemiology and Pandemics
^ Virulence Factors of Pathogenic
Bacteria
^ Measurement of the Virulence of a
Pathogen: Minimal Infective Dose; Infectious Dose; Lethal Dose; Competitive
Index
^ Toxins: Biologically Produced Poisons
^ “Redefinition” of the Virulence
Factors [Microbe (2015)]
^ Pathogenic Escherichia coli: Intestinal
Infection vs. Extraintestinal Infection
^ Cholera and Vibrio cholerae
^ Salmonella enterica Typhimurium
^ Spore-forming Clostridium species:
C. tetani and Tetanus Toxin; C. botulinum and Botulinum
Toxin; C. difficile and CDI
^ Listeriosis and Listeria
monocytogenes
^ Lyme Disease and Borrelia
burgdorferi
^ Helicobacter pylori in the
Acidic Conditions
^ Bacterial Vaginosis and Gardnerella
vaginalis
^ Gonorrhoea and Neisseria
gonorrhoeae
^ A Fungal Pathogen, Candida
albicans
^ Malaria and a Plasmodial Parasite
in Mosquitoes (Plasmodium falciparum)
^ A Protozoan Pathogen, Trichomonas
vaginalis